(a) In sequence, name the organs that constitute the alimentary canal of humans
(b) State: (i) three structural differences; (ii) three structural similarities; between the alimentary canal of a bird and human.
(c) Explain briefly how the dentition of herbivores is adapted for feeding
(d) State two roles of the pancreas in digestion
(a) Organs of alimentary canal of humans in sequence
(b)(i) Structural differences between the alimentary canal of a bird and human
| Bird | Human |
| Beak present / mouth modified to beak | Beak absent / present of mouth |
| Teeth absent | teeth present |
| Crop present | crop absent |
| Gizzard present | gizzard absent |
| Anal pore modified to cloaca | anal pore modified to anus |
| Shorter alimentary canal | Longer alimentary canal |
| Appendix absent | appendix present |
(ii) Similarities in the alimentary canal of a bird and human;
They both have mouth; oesophagus/gullet; stomach; duodenum; small intestine; large intestine; caecum; rectum.
(c) Adaptation of the dentition of herbivores for feeding
(d) Roles of pancreas in digestion
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