The flow of air and water in or out of the mesophyll layer of a leaf is controlled by the
The stomata are microscopic pores located on the surface (epidermis) of a leaf that act as the main gateway for gas exchange and transpiration. They specifically control the entry of carbon dioxide (air) and the exit of oxygen and water vapor from the internal mesophyll layer to the outside atmosphere. By opening and closing, the stomata regulate the internal environment of the leaf to balance the needs of photosynthesis with the prevention of excessive water loss.
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