Bicarbonate Ion (HCO₃⁻): Approximately 70% to 85% of carbon dioxide in the blood is transported in the plasma as bicarbonate ions. This process begins inside red blood cells, where CO\(_2\) reacts with water (catalyzed by the enzyme carbonic anhydrase) to form carbonic acid, which then dissociates into bicarbonate and hydrogen ions. The bicarbonate then diffuses out of the red blood cell and into the plasma.
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