The fluid-filled pericardium, the sac surrounding the heart, functions to cushion and protect the heart from outside forces, reduce friction during heartbeats, and prevent excessive heart expansion. The pericardium, with its fluid-filled space, helps to limit the heart's ability to expand too much, which can occur when there's an overfilling of blood or other fluids, potentially leading to low cardiac output.
There is an explanation video available below.
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