Scarcity of food leads to a sudden decrease in population primarily because it results in malnutrition, starvation, and eventually death among the affected organisms. In biological and ecological terms, when the demand for food exceeds the available supply, it limits the carrying capacity of the environment, causing a rapid increase in the mortality rate as individuals fail to survive without sufficient energy and nutrients. While other factors like reproduction and migration are affected over time, a "sudden" decline is most directly driven by the deaths of the existing population.
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