Sodium (Na+): During the depolarization phase of an action potential, voltage-gated Na+ channels open, allowing sodium ions to rush into the cell. This influx makes the internal membrane potential more positive.
Potassium (K+): During the repolarization phase, voltage-gated K+ channels open, allowing potassium ions to exit the cell. This efflux restores the negative resting potential.
The sodium-potassium pump continuously moves these two ions across the membrane to maintain the concentration gradients necessary for subsequent action potentials
There is an explanation video available below.
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