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2020 WAEC Animal Husbandry Theory (a) Explain the following terms as used in pasture and range management. (i) fodder; (ii)...

Animal Husbandry
WAEC 2020

(a) Explain the following terms as used in pasture and range management. (i) fodder; (ii) paddocking: (iii) reseeding; (iv) stocking rate; (v) natural pasture.

(b) State five factors which could affect the establishment of pasture in West Africa.
(c) State five ways in which weeds are of economic importance in livestock production.

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Explanation

(a) Explanation of Terms:

(1) Fodder: -It is any coarsely chopped grass/cereal crop/legume in dry or fresh form that is cut, carried, and fed to farm animals/ruminants.

(ii) Paddocking: -This is a process of dividing or partitioning rangeland into a number of plots/sections/paddocks/units with fences.

(iii) Reseeding -It is a process of replanting/resowing seeds of forage crops on a depleting pasture. it is a way of improving rangeland that has been depleted or the crops that have shown a sign of dying off by replanting/resowing seeds of legumes and grass.

(iv) Stocking rate;  it is the number of animals on a given area of pasture/rangeland. The number of animals that could graze a particular area of pasture.

(v) Natural pasture: A pasture or grassland where the vegetation grows on their own and are fed upon by farm animals.

 

(b) Factors Affecting the Establishment of Pasture in West Africa:

  • Lack of quality pasture seeds/crown/ planting material.
  • Presence of pest.
  • Presence of disease
  • Lack of knowledge of appropriate time interplanting legumes with grass
  • Poor adaptability of exotic species.
  • Poor knowledge of optimum grass-legumes
  • Changes in climatic conditions.
  • Inadequate capital.
  • Inadequate labour.
  •  Inadequate water supply
  • Rampant bush fire/burn burning

 

(c) Economic Importance of Weed to Livestock Production:

  • Competes with forage and therefore reduce soil nutrient availability to pasture crops
  • Could damage the skin of animals.
  • Could contaminate milk of lactating animals
  • Could be poisonous to livestock.
  • Non-toxic weed may serve as additional feed to farm animals.
  • Availability of variety of nutritional forages. 
  • It can be used as ethno-veterinary/medicine.
  • Control of weeds add to the cost of production.

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