(a) Give two reasons each for carrying out the following practice in fish ponds:
(i) Removal of excessive vegetation
(ii) Removal of salt
(iii) Supplematary feeding
(iv) Fertilizer application
(b) Mention five conditions that could necessitate culling of animals
(c) State five effects of excess nitrogen in soil on crops.
(a) Reasons for carrying out the following management practices in fish ponds
(i) Removal of excessive vegetation
- Allows sunlight to reach the bottom of the pond for the growth of phytoplankton
- Prevents breeding of fish pests
- Ensures adequate supply of dissolved oxygen
- Prevents breeding of fish diseases
(ii) Removal of salt
- Makes the pond water to be clear/reduces turbidity of pond water
- Facilitates free movement of fish
- Maintains normal depth of the pond
- Ensures adequate supply of dissolved oxygen
(iii) Supplementary Feeding
- Promotes rapid growth of fish
- Improves the health of fish
- Provides variety of feeds to fish/balanced diet adequate nutrition
(iv) Fertilizer Application
- Encourages the growth of phytoplankton
- Provides nutrient to fish
- Improves the growth of fish in ponds
(b) Conditions that could necessitate culling of farm animals
- Low productivity/poor feed conversion
- Old age aggressiveness
- Lameness parturition problem
- Diseases severe injury
- Egg pecking/sucking
- Poor mothering/piglet eating
- Reproductive failure/sterility
- Cannibalism
(c) Effects of excess nitrogen in the soil on crops
- Causes excessive vegetative growth
- Decreases reproductive growth/delay fruiting
- Weakens plant sterns
- Causes lodging in crops
- Reduces the yield of some crops
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