Explanation

(a) ldentification:

• Specimen N - Liver fluke;
• O - tick;
• P - trypanosome Trypanosoma.

(b) Animal hosts of specimens N, O and P are:

• N - cattle, sheep, goat, horse/ donkey;
• O- cattle, sheep, goat, horse/donkey/dog/pig:
• P- sheep, goat, cattle.

(c) Damage done by the specimens on their hosts are:

Specimen N - Liver fluke,

• causes blockage of bile ducts and sucking of blood/ anaemia and this may cause internal bleeding or haemorrhage.
• It also burrows into the liver and causes loss of weight or emanciation and reduction in productivity.

Specimen 0-Tick:

• wounds or scars left on animal predisposes animal to bacterial infection or secondary infection /entry point for germs.
• It affects transmission of fever, anaemia (loss of blood),  
• irritation or restlessness or tick worry and loss of appetite,
• It causes reduced quality of hide and skin and bring about loss of weight / emanciation, reductíon of production.

Specimen P- Trypanosome parasite;

• causes anaemia or loss of blood, fever/trypanosomiasis or nagana,
• loss of weight or productivity,
• emanciation,
• loss of tail hairs as well as oedema / swelling in the limbs and abdomen.

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