Agricultural Science
WAEC 2008
The diagrams below represent two modern equipment used in commercial animal production. Use them to answer question (a), (b) and (c).
(a) ldentify the equipment labelled C and D. {2 marks}
(b) Name the parts labelled I to VIl in diagrams C and D. {7 marks}
(c) State three precautions to be observed when using each of the two equipment {6 marks}
Explanation
(a) ldentification of equipment labelled;
- C- Incubator,
- D- Milking machine
(b) Labelling of Parts of the two equipment;
- I - Thermometer
- II - Egg
- Ill - Egg tray
- IV - Water
- V - Source of heat
- VI - Teat cup
- VII. Source of power/Generator/Vacuum pump
(C) Precautions to be observed when using;
C: Incubator -
- Only fertile eggs should be set and retained in the incubator
- Eggs must be clean
- No washing of eggs with water (because this tends to Increase the porous nature of the egg thereby increasing the respiration of the embryo)
- Eggs must be fresh; that is, they should not be stored for more than two weeks prior to their journey to the incubator.
- Eggs must be disinfested at least three to four (3-4) hours before arranging them in the incubator
- Arrange eggs such that the air space end is up
- Uniformly sized eggs should be set
- Monitor the temperature inside the incubator
- Ensure adequate exchange of gases in the incubator
- Set the incubator away from the walls for proper ventilation
- The Relative Humidity must be constantly monitored.
B: Milking Machine -
- The udder should be cleaned thoroughly before milking
- The foremilk should be tested with test cup
- The milker should concentrate when milking
- The dairy animal should be treated with care, that is, handled gently; i.e. apply little pressure to the udder.
- The handlers should not be distracted in any form like smoking or drinking while milking.
- Use slightly warm water to wash/scrub the udder/teats
- Avoid any form of noise during milking
- Introduce some feed to the milking animal
- Supply light, gentle music to further induce the animal to let down milk.
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