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2009 WAEC Agricultural Science Practical (a) For each of specimens H (SPADE), l (SECATEURS) and J (OPEN ENDED SPANNER) name...

Agricultural Science
WAEC 2009

(a) For each of specimens H (SPADE), l (SECATEURS) and J (OPEN ENDED SPANNER) name two farm tools that can perform functions similar to those of the specimens.

(b) Describe how each of specimens I and J is used.

(c) Describe each of specimens H and J. 

(d) Enumerate four advantages of using farm tools for farm work. 

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Explanation

(a) Tools that can perform similar functions as; specimens H, l, and J

  • Specimen H (Spade) - Hoe, shovel, and hand trowel
  • Specimen I (Secateurs) - Saw, sickle, cutlass, and shears
  • Specimen J (Open ended spanner)-Wrench, ring spanner and pliers.

(b) Description of how specimen I (Secateurs) is used -

  • Open the handle to widen the blades.
  • Fix the opened blades against the material to be cut.
  • Release the handle
  • Press back the handles to close the blades and cut the materials.

Description of how specimen J (Open-ended spanner) is used

  • Fix the opened end directly on top of the bolt (appropriate size).
  • Turn the handle clockwise (to tighten) or anti-clockwise (to loosen) the bolt.
  • continue tó turn until the bolt is firmly fixed or loosened before releasing the handle.

(c) Description of each of specimens H and J Specimen H (Spade)

  • Has a long wooden/metallic handle.
  • Blade is metalic (steel)
  • Blade is rectangular, flat and sharp at one end for each penetration into the soil.
  • Handle widens at the posterior end to form a triangular block or "D" shape for firm handling.

Specimen J (Open-ended spanner)

  • It is metallic.
  • Both sides end in a hexagonal shape of various sizes that fit the heads of bolts.
  • Flattened metallic handle.

(d) Advantages of using farm tools for farm work

  • Minimize injury to the farmer.
  • Make work easier/minimize drudgery.
  • Enhance faster completion of operation/saves time.
  • Increase farmers' productivity.
  • Enhance certain operations, e.g. budding.
  • Not expensive to acquire.
  • They are sometimes the only way to get certain operations done on the farm.
  • Easy to operate and requires no high technical know-how.
  • Can be operated at all times.
  • Easy to maintain.
  • Do not require any specialized sources of power to operate.

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