Explanation

{a)(i) identification of Specimen R

• Specimen R - Lantern/Hurricane lamp

(ii) Disadvantages of using specimen R (Lantern/ Hurricane Lamp) in poultry house

• It pollutes the air due to the emission of carbon monoxide/soot.
• Can lead to a fire outbreak if tripped over by birds.
• Birds may be trapped between the space/handle and the tank of the lantern and this might lead to death. 
• High cost of fuel.

(iii) Precautions to be taken when using specimen R(Lantern/Hurricane Lamp) in poultry house

• Ensure that lantern is placed ín a raised position to avoid being tripped over by the birds.
• Ensure that the fuel tank is securely locked.
• Ensure that a little quantity of kerosene/fuel is put inside the tank at any time.
• Provide a protective guard around the lantern to avoid birds perching on it/coming into contact with
• it Regulates the light to reduce the emission of carbon monoxide/soot.
• Ensure there is no leakage of kerosene.

(iv) Ways of maintaining specimen R (Lantern/ Hurricane Lamp)

• Clean the glass/shade regularly,
• Remove deposit of soot at the upper end of the chimney.
• Wash the fuel chamber/tank to get rid of sediments.
• Wash and dry the wick when it is too dirty for good heat generation.
• Replace old wick regularly.
• Clean the metal part of any form of feaces to avoid rusting.
• Do not allow the lantern to be placed in a wet or

(V) Devices that can be used in place of specimen damp environment to prevent rusting. R (Lantern/Hurricane Lamp) in poultry house

• Electric bulbs
• Stoves
• Heaters

(b)(i) Observed signs in the sows indicated: Heat / oestrus

(ii) The farmer should expect the sows to farrow on:  25th June 2012 (+/-2 days)

(iii) Preparations to make in the farrowing pen before the sows farrow:

• Clean the farrowing pen.
• Keep the environment dry.
• Disinfect pen about 6 - 7 days before farrowing.
• Provide good and clean litter.
• Provide enough space to accommodate the farrowing process.
• Provide farrowing crates if available
• Provide creep feed.
• Fencing for biosecurity.
• Allow her to get accustomed to her new
• Provision of adequate feed to prevent cannibalism (the sow from eating the litters) surroundings and settle down

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