Explanation

a (i) Effects of specimen P (Aphid) on crops -

• Causes stunted growth
• Reduces the yield of crops
• Transmits diseases to crops/vector of diseases
• It produces Honey dew which covers the leaves of crops and reduces photosynthesis
• Piercing through outer tissues and sucking nutritional sap

(ii) Ways of controlling specimen P (Aphid) -

• Use of lady bird beetle
• Spray with insecticides
• Uproot and burn infected plants
• Hand picking of adult aphid and nymphs and destroying them

(b) (i) Benefits of including the crop from which specimen Q (cowpea seeds) were obtained in a mixed cropping system

• Covers the soil thereby protecting it against erosion
• Adds nitrogen to the soil
• Helps to smother weeds
• Serves as source of fodder after harvesting

(ii) Major storage pest of specimen Q(Cowpea seeds); Bean beetle

(c) Uses of specimen R (Coconut fruit);

• Eaten as food by humans
• Fed to farm animals
• Processed to obtain vegetable oil/coconut oil
• Source of fibre should be used as fuel/in making foot mat and brush
• Source of coconut water used to produce fruit juice
• Shell is used as abrasive
• Coconut water is used as medicine
• Used for crafts/decoration
• Raw material for industries e.g. cosmetic industry

(d) Botanical names of the crops from which specimens Q(Cowpea seeds) and R (Coconut fruit) were obtained;

• Specimen Q: Vigna unguiculata
• Specimen R: Cocos nucifera

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