Explanation

(a) Cultivation of maize
(i) Soil requirements

• Well drained soil, rich in nutrients;
• Sandy-loam soil;
• Thrives on neutral or alkaline soil

                                                                                        
(ii)  Method of propagation   

• Propagated by seed.

(iii) Spacing

• 90cm x 30cm at one seed per hole/stand;
• 75cm x 25 cm at two seeds per hole/stand.

(iv)  Weed control

• Done manually with cutlass and hoe;
• Done 2-3 times on the farm at regular intervals;
• Could also be done mechanically with implements pulled by animals;
• Herbicides could also be used.

(v) Two fungal diseases

• Corn smut;
• Maize rust;
• Leaf spot

(vi)  Harvesting

• On  a low/small scale, could be harvested manually by breaking the ear from the maize plant;
• Cutlass could be used to slash the whole plant while the ear is broken from the plant;
• Combine harvester could be used on a large scale when the moisture content of the crop is low (25-28%);
• Could be harvested green or dry;
• Crop is due for harvesting from 60-120 days after planting depending on variety.

(b) Description of farm records 
         
(i) Production record 

• Shows the yield of crops cultivated on the farm;
• Shows the produce from livestock/farm animals;
• Shows the date of collection of farm produce;
• Helps to forecast yield.

(ii)  Farm inventory

• Farm inventory is a record of all the assets on a farm at a particular time;
• These include buildings, feed, land, animals, produce in storage and the number of machines on the farm;
• Usually taken at the beginning and end of the year;
• Shows the value of the assets on a farm;
• Shows the state of each equipment.

                                                                                        
(iii)  Cash book

• The cash book shows the financial transactions of the farm;
• These include receipts from goods bought, salary of workers, cost of inputs and output, records of all payment made to the farm;
• Shows receipts/sales on the left hand side;
• Shows expenses/payments on the right hand side;
• Shows date of transactions.

                                                                                                                      
(iv) Labour record

• Shows the number of hours that they work and dates;
• Shows particular problems with workers;
• Shows number of casual or permanent workers and their qualifications;
• Shows the wages/salaries of workers on the farm;
• Shows the performance of workers.

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