Explanation

(a)  Roles of government in agricultural development

(i) Pest and disease control

• Provision of drugs and vaccines that are used to protect farm animals against diseases and parasites- 
• Provision of agrochemicals such as pesticides, fungicides and herbicides which are used to protect crops from pests, diseases and weeds
• Provision of veterinary services to control diseases of farm animals
• Provision of quarantine services at airports, seaports and border posts to prevent the introduction of foreign pests and diseases
• Provision of crop protection services
• Training/education/enlightenment of farmers on pest and disease control
• Provision of subsidy on agrochemicals
• Establishment of research institutes for the prevention and control of pests and diseases

                            
(ii)  Marketing of agricultural produce

• Purchase of excess farm produce during peak seasons to stabilize the price of farm produce
• Fixes the guaranteed minimum price for agricultural produce
• Establishment of strategic grain reserves by constructing silos in various locations for storage of excess farm produce for release during periods of scarcity   
• Provision of processing facilities such as rice mills, oil mills and cassava mills to   
• improve the quality of farm produce
• Establishment of markets for agricultural produce
• Provision of rural roads for the evacuation of farm produce
• Provision of storage facilities
• Establishment of marketing/commodity boards which help in the marketing of agricultural produce
• Facilitate/encourage export of agricultural produce
• Low taxation on agricultural produce
• Establishment of commodity exchange commission                                                                                                                         

(b)    General problems of land tenure system in agricultural development in West Africa

• May be difficult to use land as collateral in obtaining loans
• Farm planning and introduction of better farming systems are made difficult
• Large scale farming is not possible due to excessive fragmentation of land
• Production remains at the subsistence level
• Much time is spent travelling from one piece of land to another
• Interested framers from outside a community cannot easily acquire land
• Ownership of land is not permanent, so economic crops cannot be grown
• Land may belong to individuals who have no interest in agriculture
• Dispute/litigation on land ownership
• High cost of land acquisition                                                                           

(c)  Listing of farm machinery and implements

Farm machinery
-   Tractor                    -   Combine harvester                         -   Sheller
-   Dryer                       -   Bulldozer                                        -   Tree puller
-   Incubator                -   Milking machine                             -   Mist blower
-   Power tiller             -   Motorized knapsack sprayer           -   Lawn mower
-   Motorized slasher
        
   Farm implements
-   Plough                                 -   Harrow                                - Mower/slasher
-   Knapsack sprayer                -   Baler                                   -   Rotavator
-   Ridger                                 -   Boom sprayer                      -   Fertilizer - -spreader
-   Cultivator                            -   Harvester (tractor mounted)  -   Planter/seed drill/broadcaster

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