Explanation

(a)(i)   Definition of drainage

• Drainage is the removal of excess water/soil moisture from the soil

(ii) Reasons why waterlogged agricultural land should be drained

• Improves soil temperature.
• Improves aeration of the soil.
• Supports the decomposition of organic matter in the soil to enhance the nutrients’ status/enhances mineralization of organic matter .
• Excess salts that would be toxic to plants are removed with drained water
• Improves soil structure
• Makes land available for cultivation/makes tillage operations easy
• Enhances seed germination/proper development of plant
• Regulates soil pH

b(i) Factors affecting nutrient availability in the soil

• Vegetative cover
• Soil type/nature of soil
• Bush burning
• Soil texture
• Soil structure
• Soil pH
• Topography
• Leaching
• Erosion
• Crop removal/weeding
• Soil water content
• Cultural practices adopted
• Activities of soil microorganisms
• Oxidation and reduction
• Nutrient imbalance/excess of other nutrients

(ii) Causative Organisms of crop diseases

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