Explanation

(a) Management practices carried out in poultry production 

- Candling

- Sexing

- Egg handling

- Incubation

- Hatching

- Brooding

- Turning of litter/litter management

- Age group rearing

- Feeding - Watering

- Sanitation

- Housing

- Debeaking

- Vaccination

- Caponisation

- Control of parasites

(b) Advantages of dehorning in cattle production 

- Less space is required for feeding

- The animals eat more conveniently and grow faster

- Dehorned animals are more attractive and therefore yield more money

- They are easy to transport in vehicles from one area to another

- They are more safe to handle/docile

- It prevents injury of animals/handlers

(c)  Marketing services in Agricultural production  
- Standardisation/grading

- Packaging

- Transportation

- Storage

- Risk bearing/insurance
- Financing

- Assemblage

- Processing

- Distributed

- Advertising

(d) Problems of agricultural marketing in West Africa

- Scattered sources of supply/small holdings

- Inadequate transportation

- Inadequate processing facilities

- Inadequate storage facilities

- Non-uniform weights and quantity

-measuring devices

- Inadequate financing

- Poor marketing skills/systems

- Adulteration of produce

- Instability of prices

- Inadequate market research

- Inadequate information about production and marketing

- Activities of middlemen

- Perishability of farm produce

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