Explanation

(a)(i) Definition of culling in poultry production: Culling is the removal of diseased or poorly performing or destructive birds from a flock. 
(ii) Benefits derived  from culling: 
-The incidence and spread of poultry diseases is minimized. 
-The incidence and spread of poultry pests is minimized. 
-The extra cost of feeding unproductive birds is eliminated. 
-A larger floor space is available for the rest of the birds. 
-Egg pecking is minimized. 
-Cannibalism is minimized. 
-Hen-day production percentage is increased. 

(b) Ways of preventing diseases in a sheep flock 
-The house should be cleaned and washed at intervals.
 - The bedding materials including the feaces and urine should be removed at intervals. 
-The sick animals should be culled. 
-Sick animals should be separated and treated. 
-There must be regular dipping of the animals against ecto-parasites 
-Sheep should be dewormed at intervals with appropriate antihelmintics. 
-The feeding trough and water trough should be properly cleaned.
 - Sheep should be vaccinated against common diseases/use of prophylactic drugs. 
- All animals being introduced should be quarantined. 
-Foot baths should be provided. 
-Bury dead animals. 
-Feed animals with balanced diet. 

(c) Paddocking as a way of improving rangeland 
- Entails partitioning of rangedland with fences into small plots. 
-Animals graze in each partition/paddock by rotation. 
-Paddocking allows regeneration of forage crops. It prevents build-up of pests. 
-It prevents selective grazing of grasses and legumes. 
-It prevents build-up of diseases. 

(d) Fishery regulations
- Prohibition of dumping of toxic materials/industrial wastes in fishing areas or water. 
- Prohibition of the use of chemicals in fishing.
 - Certification that fishes to be sold to the public safe for human consumption. 
- Forbids the killing of endangered aquatic animals. 
- Protection of territorial waters of various nations. 
- Mesh size regulation enforcement to protect immature fishes. 
- Catch quota regulation which limit the quantity a fisherman can harvest. 
-Prohibition of the use of explosives, 
-Enforcement of close season regulation
- Electro-fishing is outlawed except for research purposes

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