Explanation

(a) Types of individual land tenure systems are: (i) Freehold system: Land can be acquired by purchase and hence can pass from the owner to his heirs. This is usually done around townships. (ii) Leasehold system: Land is held for a fixed known length of time on agreed specified conditions. The owner thus controls the land at the end of the lease period. (iii) By gift system: Land s given out to a beneficiary by the owner willfully as a free gift, an incentive or on goodwill relationship. (iv) Tenancy system: The land user is a tenant to the landowner or landlord. The land user is qualified to use the Land as long as he fulfills the tenancy agreement. Such agreement could be payment of rent in cash or use of land as collateral for loan or sharing of output between the landowner and land user. (v) Tenancy at the will of government The land is owned by or has been acquired by government and any one using it does so at the will of government. (vi) Inheritance system: Land, which is owned by a great ancestor, is transferred within the family from generation to generation.

(b) Advantages of the land use act are: (i) It has made land acquisition relatively easier for new entrants into agriculture. (ii) It has reduced the number and frequency of court cases over land ownership. (iii) It has facilitated borrowing of capital for further investment in agriculture. (iv) Availability of and provision for large land holdings which encourages large scale agriculture (v) It prevents fragmentation of land since land acquired under the decree cannot be shared into bits (vi) Reduction in boundary disputes since survey of acquired land is mandatory for occupancy right be granted. Disadvantages of the land use act are: (i) It leads to escalation in the cost of land survey. (ii) Land acquisition process has become bureaucratic and often meets with bottlenecks (iii) It has impoverished communities whose main assets were their lands. (iv) It has encouraged dishonesty through illegal sale and backdating of ownership or title deeds after 1978. (v) Land is not necessarily allocated to every potential agricultural developer. (vi) Land may be acquired by influential people for non-agricultural purpose

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