Explanation

(a) Two major elements of climate are: (i) Rainfall (ii) Temperature.

(b) Six ways by which climate and vegetation influence soil formation are: (i) Rainfall through its running water helps to weather rocks. (ii) The chemical action of water also helps to break rock to form soil (iii) Expansion and contraction of rocks due to high temperature helps to break-down rocks. (iv) The roots of trees in the forest helps to break down rocks to form soil. (v) Wind carrying rock particles breaks other rocks to form soil (vi) Fallen leaves from trees decay to form humus in the soil.

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