(a) State Le Chatelier's principle

(b) Use Le Chetelier's principle to deduce the conditions that favour a high yield of ammonia in the Haber process

(c) Give the chemical test for ammonia.

(d) State what would be observed when aqueous ammonia solution is added to:

(i) zinc chloride solution, (ii) copper (II) tetraoxosulohate (V) solution

(e) Explain why the H — N — H bond angle in ammonia is less than that of H — C — H in methane

(f) Give two uses of ammonia.

(a) List three characteristics of a homologous series

(b) Give one example of;

(i) alkanes; (ii) alkynes.

(c) A hydrocarbon contains 7.7% by mass of hydrogen and 92.3% by mass of carbon. The relative molar mass of the compound is 78.

(i) Derive the empirical formula of the compound and hence its molecular formula.

(ii) Name the hydrocarbon and write its structural formula. (H=1, C=12)

(d) Two hydrocarbons, X and Y were treated separated with acidified potassium tetraoxomanganate (VII) solution. X decolorized the solution and Y did not. Which of X and Y will undergo

(i) substitution reaction only,

(ii) both addition and substitution reactions.

(iii) polymerization?

(e) If ethanol is to be converted into ethanoic acid

(i) What are the conditions required?

(ii) name the type of reaction that will be involved and write the equation

(a) Distinguish between a conductor and an electrolyte

(b)(i) State Faraday's first law of electrolysis

(ii) Describe how you would investigate Faraday's law of electrolysis, using copper (II) tetraoxosulphate (VI) solution and copper electrodes.

(c) 0.222g of a divalent metal is deposited when a current of 0.45 ampere is passed through a solution of its salt for 25 minutes using appropriate electrodes. Calculate the relative atomic mass of the metal. 1F = 96500C mol\(^{-1}\)

`(d) State two applications of electrolysis.

(a) Explain the differences in the reactions of zinc with dilute trioxonitrate (V) acid and zinc with dilute hydrochloric acid.

(b) Write equations to illustrate how ammonia gas can be converted into trioxonitrate (V) acid.

(c) Calculate the mass of sodium trioxonitrate (V) produced when 30.0g of pure sodium hydroxide reacts with 100cm\(^3\) of 1.00 M trioxonitrate (V) acid. (H =1, N = 14, 0 = 16, Na = 23)

(d) Write the equations for the decomposition by heat of:

(i) sodium trioxonitrate(V);

(ii) copper (II) trioxonitrate (V);

(iii) mercury (II) trioxonitrate (V);

(a) Name two allotropes of carbon

(b) Name two products of the destructive distillation of coal and state one use of each.