(a) State two factors which can affect the rate of a chemical reaction.

(b) 0.72g of magnesium was added to different volumes of 2 mol. per dm\(^3\) hydrochloric acid. The volume of liberated was as measured at room temperature and pressure. The result of the experiment was as tabulated

Use the data in the table to plot a graph of the volume of hydrogen liberated against the volume of acid used.

(c) From the graph in (b) above, determine the volume of: (i) hydrogen that would be produced if 50 cm\(^3\) of the acid were added to 0.72g of magnesium.

(ii) the acid which must be added to 0.72 g of magnesium to produce 480 cm\(^3\) of hydrogen;

(iii) the acid needed exactly to dissolve 0.72 g of magnesium completely.

(d) Explain your answer to (c)(iii).

(e) From your answers to (c) above, deduce the: (i) volume of the acid which will dissolve 1 mole of magnesium completely. (Mg = 24)

(ii) volume of hydrogen that would be liberated if 1 mole of magnesium dissolves completely in the acid;

(iii) equation for the reaction between magnesium and hydrochloric acid. Show clearly how you arrived at you answers

(a) Write the electronic configuration of an element with atomic number 15, indicating the distribution of electrons in the energy sub-levels

(b) Give the formula and the colour of the complex formed between ammonia and copper (II) ions

(a) Give two reasons why carbon(IV) oxide is used for extinguishing fire

(b) Explain briefly the water softening action of cation exchane resins.

 A hydrocarbon X which decolorizes bromine water but has no action on ammoniacal silver trioxonitrate (V) solution was found to have a molar mass of 58 g mol\(^{-1}\)

(a) Deduce the molecular formula of X. (H = 1, C = 12)

(b) Write the structures of two isomers of X.

(a) Balance the nuclear equation below and hence identify Y.

\(^{238}_{94}U \to ^{234}_{92}Th + Y\)

(b) In a tabular form, state two of the observations in the cathode ray experiment and the corresponding deductions.